RMB Internationalisation Report 2025

December 2025

The international use of China’s renminbi (RMB) has entered a new phase of accelerated, broad-based growth that is expected to extend well into 2026 and beyond. This is the central finding of the RMB Internationalisation Report 2025: New opportunities drive new growth momentum, jointly published by China Construction Bank (CCB) and The Asian Banker, the publishing arm of TAB Global. 

The 2025 survey results confirm that the RMB has strengthened its role across trade settlement, financing, investment and payments, supported by deeper market access, expanding overseas operations of Chinese enterprises, and rapid advancements in RMB infrastructure and digital innovation. Despite global economic and geopolitical uncertainties, the survey shows that institutions are not only maintaining but expanding RMB usage across their core business lines. 

The RMB’s internationalisation unfolded against a backdrop of global realignments in trade, capital flows and technology. China’s outbound investment continued to rise; global supply chains diversified; and monetary systems edged further towards multipolarity. Combined with domestic reforms — including capital-market liberalisation and enhancements to cross-border payment infrastructure — these forces strengthened the practical utility of the RMB. 

These trends are now being amplified by emerging catalysts: central bank digital currency (CBDC) pilots, the mBridge multi-CBDC platform, the expansion of Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) and Chinese enterprises’ sustained globalisation. Together, they have created the conditions for stronger RMB internationalisation in 2025 and beyond. 

The report is available as a single document in PDF format, encompassing in English version, spanning a total of 50 pages. 

01   Emerging trends and highlights of RMB internationalisation

  • 1.1 Revamped policy, liberalised domestic capital market and enhanced connectivity with offshore RMB hubs drive cross-border usage of RMB
  • Special Column 1: Impact of the China–UK OTC bond business on the international use of RMB
  • 1.2 Global monetary system gradually shifts towards multipolarity, with RMB strengthening in payments and financing
  • 1.3 Global use of local currencies in cross-border trade unlocks new opportunities
  • Special Column 2: Impact of expanding direct exchange of local currencies on the RMB internationalisation
  • 1.4 Expansion of Chinese firms abroad and digital RMB innovations boost cross-border momentum

02   Status, impact and changes of RMB in cross-border payments

  • 2.1 Use of RMB-based cross-border products
  • 2.2 Use and status of RMB in cross-border trade
  • 2.3 Use and status of RMB in cross-border direct investments
  • 2.4 RMB cross-border payment and settlement

03   Status, impact and changes in RMB financial market

  • 3.1 Changes in RMB financial market
  • 3.2 Developments in RMB-based financing
  • 3.3 Developments in RMB currency exchange transactions
  • 3.4 Developments in RMB-denominated derivative market

04   Developments in offshore RMB market

  • 4.1 Use of RMB in regions outside China
  • 4.2 Use of RMB offshore deposits
  • 4.3 Developments in offshore RMB wealth management market
  • 4.4 Status of key offshore RMB centres
  • Special Column 3: Prospects for development of the offshore RMB market in terms of institutional innovation

05   Developments in RMB usage among Chinese companies going global

  • 5.1 Use of RMB cross-border products by Chinese companies going global
  • Special Column 4: Impact of Chinese companies going global on the international use of the RMB through supply chains
  • 5.2 Key destination for Chinese companies going global
  • 5.3 Choose financial service providers for Chinese companies going abroad
  • Special Column 5: How the RMB clearing bank network supports Chinese enterprises
  • 5.4 Key challenges to use RMB for Chinese companies going abroad

06   Opportunities, challenges and prospects of RMB internationalisation

  • 6.1 Main factors affecting the use of RMB
  • Special Column 6: The impact of escalating global tariff barriers on RMB internationalisation
  • 6.2 Main challenges of RMB internationalisation
  • 6.3 Emerging opportunities of RMB internationalisation

Conclusion

  • Financial institutions aiming to leverage the latest trends in the international adoption of RMB and shape their RMB-based product strategies in areas such as cross-border payments, investments, and financing.
  • Global corporations keen on identifying emerging patterns and future prospects in RMB internationalisation, which can significantly influence their business strategies in cross-border trade and transactions.
  • Researchers and analysts from diverse backgrounds, including financial institutions, regulatory bodies, government agencies, external consulting firms, and other related organisations.

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