1
Correspondent-network overlay
Always-on payments through an existing banking network
Citi Token Services + 24/7 USD Clearing
Private ledger (permissioned)
Citi or non-Citi beneficiary account
- Extends tokenised deposits through correspondent banking
- 24/7 USD payments beyond Citi accounts
- Example: Siam Commercial Bank/PhillipCapital transaction (Thailand)
2
Proprietary global-bank network
Move money within a bank's own international network
HSBC Tokenised Deposit Service
Private bank network
- Transfers between participating HSBC locations
- Cross-border, but largely within HSBC's perimeter
- Reported scale: approximately $28 billion in Q1/2026
Two routes to programmability and treasury use cases
JPM Coin / JPMD on Base
Private ledger (permissioned) with public blockchain access
- Kinexsys platform: >$3trn processed since launch; >$7bn average daily volume
Tokenised deposits for corporate treasury
Corporate treasury overlay
- 24/7 intra-group liquidity transfers in SGD, USD, HKD and CNH
- Example: Ant International treasury flows
4
Institutional market workflows
Tokenised deposits used primarily for market workflows
BNY Digital Assets / Tokenised Deposits
Private ledger (permissioned)
On-chain digital book entry
Collateral / margin workflow
Official balance remains in traditional BNY systems
- Focused on collateral and margin workflows
- Example: Ripple Prime named as an early adopter